. Before the publication of Adorno and Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment in 1947, critical theory primarily focused on critiquing capitalism, fascism, and bourgeois culture. Dialectic of Enlightenment argues that the root of these 20th-century catastrophes lies in the very concept of ‘Enlightenment’ — the Western tradition of reason, science, and progress that began in antiquity. […]