In 1976, Robert Gilpin distinguished three contrasting political economy perspectives: liberalism, Marxism, and mercantilism. Gilpin introduced these International Relations-derived categories as theories and ideologies of political economy, sometimes conceived either as explanatory models or future scenarios. He recognises that the three ideologies ‘define the conflicting perspectives’ that actors have, but he does not go as far as to theorise how the perspectives may be part of the dynamics of the world economy and generative of its history and future. Gilpin’s models, scenarios, and theories are thus mainly cognitive attempts to understand reality from the outside. Since Gilpin’s main works, a large number of critical and constructivist International Political Economy (IPE) and Global Political Economy (GPE) approaches have arisen, stressing the constitutive role of ideas and performativity of theories. Many of these studies, however, tend to focus on aspects of contemporary matters or specific issues and fall short of analysing broad historical developments and, most markedly, causation.
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Electrification offers an opportunity to rethink how we use energy. Will we squander it?
The post The “Electrify Everything” Movement’s Consumption Problem appeared first on The Intercept.
“When asked by CNN to respond to critics who argue that ‘thoughts and prayers’ are not enough to prevent mass shootings, Republican Rep. Keith Self, who represents Allen [Texas], said … that he wanted to know what the motive of the gunman was and whether he had mental health issues.” — NBC News
I actually know what the shooter’s motive was.
It was to kill people.
Using a gun.
As the “New Cold War” opens another front in Northern Africa, the feud threatens a devastating conflict. The war in Ukraine has only exacerbated the crisis.
The post Why the US Is Arming Morocco and Working to Combat Russian Influence in Algeria appeared first on MintPress News.
Everyone wants to know how I started my very successful business, and I’m honored to share my path to greatness with you. The answer to how I got where I am today is simple. It took blood, sweat, and tears, and a lot of money that I already had from my previous super-successful business.
Don’t get me wrong. When I started my previous business, I did it out of a garage like everyone else. Only my garage was located in the headquarters of my previous, previous company. It was private access in a heated high-rise with twenty-four-hour security. From there, I packed and shipped all the items myself. And “by myself” I mean with the help of the employees of my previous, previous company who did all the work without any overtime wages.
I scrimped and saved and pinched and banked every last million.
I survived on just eight-dollar lattes and pasta flown in from my favorite restaurant in Italy. On the days my private driver was out doing deliveries, I rode my Vespa to work. If it rained, I would order an Uber, where all my rides were comped because I was an angel investor.